Ligadura de fugas venosas dorsales en pacientes con disfunción eréctil. Reporte de 50 pacientes con seguimiento a 6 meses / Ligation of penile dorsal venous leaks in patients with erectile disfunction. Report of 50 patients with a 6-month follow-up

Objetivo: La disfunción venooclusiva peneana se reconoce como causa de disfunción eréctil en algunos pacientes jóvenes sin otros factores de riesgo. El objetivo del estudio es reportar los resultados de una cirugía de esta patología en pacientes menores de 40 años, con seguimiento hasta 6 meses postratamiento. Método: Estudio descriptivo en una cohorte retrospectiva de historias clínicas con 50 pacientes que cumplían criterios de inclusión, evaluados y sometidos a cirugía estandarizada por el mismo cirujano entre 01/2014 y 10/2021. Al grupo se le practicó un puntaje de síntomas (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM]) antes de la cirugía y a los 3 y 6 meses de esta. Los resultados del SHIM pre- y posoperatorio se relacionaron con los diferentes grados de disfunción eréctil (grave, moderada y leve), y adicionalmente se dividieron en tres grupos según criterios definidos en exitoso, moderado y deficiente. El diagnóstico de fugas venosas se hizo mediante ecografía Doppler peneana con vasoactivo, registrando fugas venosas, grado de fibrosis peneana y presencia de glande blando. El protocolo del estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Investigación del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, de Medellín. Resultados: El rango de edad al momento del procedimiento fue de 18-50 años, con una edad media de 31,2 años, y el inicio de la disfunción eréctil a los 23,4 años. El tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad antes de intentar la cirugía varió entre 2 y 21 años (7,5 años en promedio). El estado de disfunción eréctil según el SHIM preoperatorio fue 4 (8%) grave, 46 (92%) moderada y no hubo ningún caso leve. Los desenlaces posoperatorios a 6 meses fueron 11 (22%) moderada, 20 (40%) leve y 19 (38%) sin disfunción eréctil. Adicionalmente, según análisis interno al SHIM, 34 (68%) fueron exitosos, 6 (12%) moderados y 10 (20%) deficientes. Conclusiones: La ligadura de fugas venosas dorsales peneanas tiene buenos resultados a mediano plazo en cuanto a calidad de la erección y satisfacción del paciente.

Objective: Penile venocclusive dysfunction is recognized as a cause of erectile dysfunction in some young patients with no other risk factors. The objective of the study is to report the results of surgery for this pathology in patients under 40 years of age, with follow-up up to 6 months post-treatment. Method: A descriptive study was carried out in a retrospective cohort of medical records with 50 patients with inclusion criteria, evaluated and submitted to standardized surgery by the same surgeon between 01/2014 and 10/2021. A symptom score (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM]) was applied to the group, before surgery, and 3 and 6 months after. The pre- and post-operative SHIM results have been related to the different degrees of erectile dysfunction and, additionally, they were divided into three groups according to criteria defined as successful, moderate, and poor. The diagnosis of venous leaks was made by vasoactive penile Doppler ultrasound, recording venous leaks, degree of penile fibrosis and presence of soft glans penis. The study protocol was approved by the Research Committee of the Pablo Tobon Uribe Hospital, in Medellín. Results: Age range at the time of the procedure 18-50 years, mean age 31.2 years and onset of erectile dysfunction 23.4 years. Time of evolution of the disease before attempting surgery varied between 2 and 21 years (average 7.5 years). Erection status according to the preoperative SHIM was severe erectile dysfunction 4 (8%) and moderate 46 (92%). The outcomes at 6 months were 11 (22%) with moderate erectile dysfunction, 20 (40%) switched to mild and19 (38%) were left without erectile dysfunction. Additionally, according to additional analysis to the SHIM, 34 (68%) were successful, 6 (12%) moderate and 10 (20%) poor. Conclusions: Ligation of penile dorsal venous leaks has good medium-term results in terms of erection quality and patient satisfaction.

Profil épidémiologique des urgences péniennes au CHU de Libreville / Epidemiological profile of penile emergencies at the University Hospital of Libreville

Introduction : Les urgences péniennes sont multiples et variées. Elles peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic fonctionnel sexuel du patient. L'objectif de notre étude était de rapporter les aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques des urgences péniennes au CHU de Libreville. Matériel et Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective de janvier 2016 à décembre 2020 au service d'urologie du CHU de Libreville. Les variables comprenaient les données sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des patients pris en charge pour une urgence pénienne. Résultats : Durant cette période, 63 patients ont été pris en charge pour urgences péniennes. L'âge moyen était de 27±17,3 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 et 90 ans. Les urgences péniennes les plus fréquentes étaient le priapisme (55,5%) et la fracture de verge (15,9%). Le délai moyen de consultation en urologie était de 121 343,3 heures pour une médiane de 10 heures tandis que celui de prise en charge était de 34,3±74,6 pour une médiane de 2 heures. Les principaux gestes effectués étaient la ponction des corps caverneux (n=29, 46%) suivie de l'albuginorraphie (n=9, 14,3%) et du shunt caverno spongieux (n=9, 14,3%). Conclusion : Les urgences péniennes sont relativement fréquentes. Elles sont dominées par le priapisme et la fracture de verge dans notre contexte. Le pronostic fonctionnel sexuel est bon mais le délai de prise en charge demeure encore long.

Introduction: Penile emergencies are multiple and varied. They can jeopardize the patient's functional sexual prognosis. The objective of our study was to report the clinical and therapeutic aspects of penile emergencies at the University Hospital of Libreville. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 2016 to December 2020 at the Urology Department of the CHU of Libreville. Variables included sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data of patients managed for a penile emergency. Results: During this period, 63 patients were managed for penile emergencies. The mean age was 27±17.3 years with extremes of 1 and 90 years. The most frequent penile emergencies were priapism (55.5%) and penile fracture (15.9%). The mean time to consultation in urology was 121,343.3 hours with a median of 10 hours, while the mean time to management was 34.3±74.6 with a median of 2 hours. The main procedures performed were corpora cavernosa puncture (n=29, 46%) followed by albuginorraphy (n=9, 14.3%) and cavernospongiosus shunt (n=9, 14.3%). Conclusion: Penile emergencies are relatively frequent. They are dominated by priapism and penile fracture in our context. The sexual functional prognosis is good but the delay of management remains long.

Adolescent male genitalia dissatisfaction: a surgical perspective / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Genital dissatisfaction is well known in female and adults. Less is known about male adolescents and their genital satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate and report the role of surgery in male adolescents to improve the evaluation of their genitalia. We considered all patients treated for external genital pathology in the period of adolescence. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. Patients underwent an evaluation test before and after surgery. During the study period, 137 patients were treated, and at the end of the study, 98 cases were considered for analysis. The most frequent pathologies were webbed penis and penile curvature. A postoperative score improvement was noted and patients with concealed penis and webbed penis showed a better postoperative outcome. Overweight was considered an important factor associated with a worse preoperative score. Evaluation of the external genitalia is important in adolescents, and it is an understudied problem. Overweight may be associated with a worse evaluation of one's genital and should be clinically considered to avoid related social problems in adulthood. Therefore, cosmetic genital surgery should be considered even in male adolescents.

Desafios e importância da avaliação pré-operatória na doença de Peyronie / Challenges and importance of the preoperative evaluation in Peyronie's disease

A doença de Peyronie, notória desde 1743, segue sendo um grande desafio na prática médica, com prevalência relevante e grande impacto na vida sexual dos casais. O tratamento cirúrgico é a principal modalidade terapêutica capaz de restabelecer a vida sexual nos pacientes com doença de Peyronie significativa. A escolha do momento de implementação do tratamento cirúrgico, bem como a escolha da técnica a ser empregada, varia de acordo com três pontos centrais: a fase da doença, a deformidade apresentada e a função erétil. Estes pilares para a decisão terapêutica do paciente com doença de Peyronie possuem nuances, não sendo simples a caracterização destes fatores em muitos casos. Uma avaliação pré-operatória criteriosa, fundamental para a melhor escolha terapêutica, exige experiência e um conhecimento aprofundado sobre o tema. O objetivo do presente artigo é promover uma ampla discussão acerca de fatores primordiais da avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes com doença de Peyronie.

Findings regarding non-sexual penile fracture in a referral emergency hospital

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe penile fracture (PF) findings with non-sexual etiology in a referral emergency hospital, with emphasis on demographic data, clinical and intraoperative findings and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients with PF of non-sexual cause operated at our institution from January 2014 to January 2019 were submitted to surgical treatment and monitored for at least three months after surgery. Etiology of trauma, epidemiological and clinical presentation data, time to intervention and operative findings were reviewed retrospectively. The evaluation of postoperative erectile function was carried out by filling out the International Index of Erection Function - 5 (IIEF-5). The tool used to assess urinary function was the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Results: Of a total of 149 patients submitted to surgical treatment for PF, 18 (12%) reported non-sexual etiology. Twelve (66.6%) cases were due to penile manipulation through the act of bending the penis during morning erection, three (16.6%) when rolling over in bed with erect penis, one (5.5%) when embracing the wife during erection, one (5.5%) to laying on the partner with erect penis and the other (5.5%) when sitting on the toilet with an erection. Operative findings were unilateral corpus cavernosum injury in all cases. Only one (5.5%) patient had a partial urethral lesion. Follow-up time varied from 3 to 18 months (mean, 10.1 months). Three (16.6%) patients developed erectile dysfunction six months after surgery. However, all of them responded to treatment with IPDE-5 and reported improvement of erection, with no need for medication, on reevaluation after 18 months. One (5.5%) patient developed penile curvature < 30 degrees. Thirteen (72.2%) patients developed penile nodules. No patient presented voiding complaints during follow-up. Conclusions: PF is a rare urologic emergency, especially with the non-sexual etiology. However, PF should always be considered when the clinical presentation is suggestive, regardless of the etiology. Penile manipulation and roll over in bed were the most common non-sexual causes. These cases are related to low-energy traumas, usually leading to unilateral rupture of corpus cavernosum. Urethral involvement is uncommon but may be present. Early treatment has good long-term clinical outcome, especially when performed in specialized centers with extensive experience in FP.

Lessons learned after 20 years' experience with penile fracture

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our experience over the past 20 years in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of penile fracture (PF). Materials and methods: Between January 1997 and January 2017, patients with clinical diagnosis of PF were admitted to our facility and retrospectively assessed. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, etiology and operative findings. Postoperative complications, sexual and urinary function were evaluated. Results: Sexual trauma was the main etiological factor, responsible for 255 cases (88.5%): 110 (43.1%) occurred with the "doggy style" position, 103 (40.3%) with "man on top" position, 31 (12.1%) with the "woman on top" position and 11 (4.3%) in other sexual positions. The most common findings in the clinical presentation were hematoma, in all cases and detumescence in 238 (82.6%). Unilateral corpus cavernosum injuries were found in 199 (69%) patients and bilateral in 89 (31%) patients. Urethral injuries were observed in 54 (18.7%) cases. Nine (14.7%) patients developed erectile dysfunction and eight (13.1%) had penile curvature. Only two (3.7%) patients had complications after urethral reconstruction. Conclusions: PF has typical clinical presentation and no need for additional tests in most cases. Hematoma and immediate penile detumescence are the most common clinical findings. Sexual activity was the most common cause. The 'doggy style' and 'man-on-top' was the most common positions and generally associated with more severe lesions. Concomitant urethral injury should be considered in cases of highenergy trauma. Surgical reconstruction produces satisfactory results, however, it can lead to complications, such as erectile dysfunction and penile curvature.

Urethral injury in penile fracture: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective To present the evolution and the recent data on the etiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of penile fracture (PF) with concomitant urethral injury. Materials and Methods We searched the Pubmed database between 1998 and 2019 using the following key words: "penile fracture", "fracture of penis", "trauma to penis", "rupture of corpora cavernosa", "urethral injury", "urethral rupture" and "urethral reconstruction". Results The incidence of urethral lesion in patients with PF varies by geographic region and etiology. Blood in the meatus, hematuria and voiding symptoms are highly indicative of urethral rupture. The diagnosis of PF is eminently clinical and complementary exams are not necessary. The treatment consists of urethral reconstruction and the most common complications found are urethral stenosis and urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion PF is an uncommon urological emergency, particularly in cases with urethral involvement. Urethral injury should be suspected in the presence of suggestive clinical signs, and diagnosis is usually clinical. Urgent urethral reconstruction is mandatory and produces satisfactory results with low levels of complications.

Buried penis repair: tips and tricks

ABSTRACT Obesity is increasing in prevalence worldwide and an increasingly commonly encountered condition is adult acquired buried penis (AABP). We review the current management of AABP and relevant literature. Management of AABP requires a combination of genitourinary reconstructive techniques and plastic surgery techniques that are unique to this condition. We offer our experience and tips and tricks for the treatment of AABP.

Treatment options and outcomes of penile constriction devices

ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the effect of penile constriction devices used on a large series of patients who presented at our emergency facility. We explored treatment options to prevent a wide range of vascular and mechanical injuries occurring due to penile entrapment. Materials and Methods: Between January 2001 and March 2016, 26 patients with penile entrapment were admitted to our facility and prospectively evaluated. Results: The time that elapsed from penile constrictor application to hospital admission varied from 10 hours to 6 weeks (mean: 22.8 hours). Non-metallic devices were used by 18 patients (66.6%) while the other nine (33.4%) had used metallic objects. Acute urinary retention was present in six (23%) patients, of whom four (66.6%) underwent percutaneous surgical cystotomy and two (33.4%) underwent simple bladder catheterization. The main reason for penile constrictor placement was erectile dysfunction, accounting for 15 (55.5%) cases. Autoerotic intention, psychiatric disorders, and sexual violence were responsible in five (18.5%), five (18.5%), and two (7.4%) cases, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 18 hours (range, 6 hours to 3 weeks). Conclusion: Penile strangulation treatment must be immediate through the extraction of the foreign body, avoiding vascular impairments that can lead to serious complications. Most patients present with low-grade injuries and use penile constrictors due to erectile dysfunction. Removal of constrictor device can be challenging. The use of specific tools for achieving penile release from constrictors is a fast, safe and effective method. Patients with urinary retention may require urinary diversion.

CT-guided minimally-invasive penile fracture repair

ABSTRACT We present the case of a 28 year old patient with an incomplete tear of the tunica albuginea occurred after having sexual intercourse in the female superior position. The diagnostic assessment was performed first clinically, then with CT, owing to its high resolution, allowed to exactly detect the tear location leading to precise preoperative planning. After adequate diagnosis through imaging and proper planning, the patient was performed a selective minimally invasive surgical approach to repair the lesion. The patient had good erection with no angular deformity or plaque formation after a 3-month follow-up.

Tromboflebitis superficial del pene: primer reporte de caso en el Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia y recomendaciones actuales de manejo / Superficial Vein Thrombosis of the Penis: A Case Report and Current Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management

La enfermedad de Mondor es una condición caracterizada por la presencia de tromboflebitis en varios segmentos corporales, fue descrita inicialmente por Henri Mondor en 1939 con descripciones de casos que afectaban la circulación venosa de la reja costal y las glándulas mamarias. Se alude a Braun-Falco en 1955 la primera mención de la trombosis superficial del pene, sin embargo, fue hasta 1958 cuando Helm y Hodge describieron el primer caso con compromiso urogenital masculine. Actualmente se cuenta con información limitada sobre la tromboflebitis superficial del pene (enfermedad peniana de Mondor), por lo tanto, el presente artículo describe el primer caso de tromboflebitis de la vena superficial del pene registrado en el Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia y expone una propuesta de abordaje terapéutico actual, basada en una revisión reciente de la literatura.

Superficial vein thrombosis was described by Henri Mondor in 1939. At the start of the experience, the disease affected the venous circulation of the thoracic wall and breasts; Helm and Hodge publicated the first report of penile Mondor's disease in 1958. Currently, there is very little clinical information about penile Mondor's disease. This article shown the first case report of penile Mondor's disease in Colombia and proposes a novel, as well as, current algortihm for management of this disease

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Peyronie's Disease: Clinical Efficacy and Safety from a Single-Arm Observational Study

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to determine the role of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the management of Peyronie's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 325 patients suffering from PD were enrolled in this single-arm clinical study. All patients were received ESWT using a schedule of 1 treatment/wk. Penile curvature was measured by a goniometer after intracavernosal drug-induced erection using Alprostadil. Plaque size was measured with a ruler and sexual function assessed by the international index of erectile function (IIEF)-15 score. Severity of erectile dysfunction was classified as severe (IIEF-15 ≤10), moderate (IIEF-15 between 11 and 16), or mild (IIEF-15 between 17 and 25). Results were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after the treatment. RESULTS: All the patients completed the study protocol. Median age was 59.0 years (55.0–64.0 years). After treatment, the median (interquartile range, IQR) plaque size reduced from 1.78 cm2 (1.43–2.17 cm2) to 1.53 cm2 (1.31–1.96 cm2) (p<0.001); the median (IQR) penile length in erection increased from 13.0 cm (12.0–14.0 cm) to 14 cm (13.0–15.0 cm) (p<0.001) and the median (IQR) penile curvature from 30.4° (22.2°–35.4°) to 25.0° (20.2°–30.4°) (p<0.001). We also observed a decrease in pain assessed by visual analogue scale (7 vs. 3; p<0.001), an improvement in each of the IIEF sub-domains (p<0.001) and an improvement in all three PD questionnaire domains (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, ESWT could be considered a safe and efficient minimally invasive option for the management of the patients suffering from PD.

Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing. Case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Myiasis is caused by larval infestation that usually occurs in exposed wounds. Dermatobia hominis is the most common fly species responsible for this parasitic infection. Genital piercing is an ornamental practice used in certain social circles. At placement, it transverses the skin surface and, as such, may be related to complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of wound infection secondary to genital piercing who was exposed to an environment with flies, leading to myiasis. Mechanical removal and systemic antiparasitic drugs are possible treatments for myiasis. However, prevention that includes wound cleaning and dressing is the best way to avoid this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital piercing can lead to potential complications and myiasis may occur when skin lesions are not properly treated.

Double inlay plus ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft for simultaneous penile and bulbar urethral stricture

ABSTRACT Objectives: Buccal mucosa grafts and fascio-cutaneous flaps are frequently used in long anterior urethral strictures (1). The inlay and onlay buccal mucosa grafts are easier to perform, do not need urethral mobilization and generally have good long-term results (2-4). In the present video, we present a case where we used a double buccal mucosa graft technique in a simultaneous penile and bulbar urethral stricture. Materials and Methods: A 54 year-old male patient was submitted to appendectomy where a urethral catheter was used for two days in May 2015. Three months after surgery, the patient complained of acute urinary retention and a supra-pubic tube was indicated. Urethrocystography was performed two weeks later and showed strictures in penile and bulbar urethra with 3.5 cm and 3 cm in length respectively. Urethroplasty was proposed for the surgical treatment in this case. We used a perineal approach with a ventral sagittal urethrotomy in both strictures. Penile urethra stricture measuring 3.5 cm in length was observed and a free graft from the buccal mucosa was harvested and placed into the longitudinal incision in the dorsal urethra and fixed with interrupted suture as dorsal inlay. Bulbar urethra stricture measuring 3 cm was observed and a free graft from the buccal mucosa was harvested and placed into the longitudinal incision in the ventral urethra and fixed with interrupted suture as ventral onlay. The ventral urethrotomy was closed over a 16Fr Foley catheter and the skin incision was then closed in layers. Results: No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. The patient could achieve satisfactory voiding and no complication was seen during the six-month follow-up. Postoperative imaging demonstrated a widely patent urethra, and the mean peak flow was 12 mL/s. Conclusion: The BMG placement can be ventral, dorsal, lateral or combined dorsal and ventral BMG in the meeting of stricture but the first two are most common (5, 6). Ventral location provides the advantages of ease of exposure and good vascular supply by avoiding circumferential rotation of the urethra (7). Early success rates of dorsal and ventral onlay with BMG were 96 and 85%, respectively. However, long-term follow-up revealed essentially no difference in success rates (8-11). Anterior urethral stricture treatments are various, and comprehensive consideration should be given in selecting individualized treatment programs, which must be combined with the patient's stricture, length, complexity, and other factors. Traditionally, anastomotic procedures with transection and urethral excision are suggested for short bulbar strictures, while longer strictures are treated by patch graft urethroplasty preferably using the buccal mucosa as gold-standard material due to its histological characteristics. The current management for complex urethral strictures commonly uses open reconstruction with buccal mucosa urethroplasty. However, there are multiple situations whereby buccal mucosa is inadequate (pan-urethral stricture or prior buccal harvest) or inappropriate for utilization (heavy tobacco use or oral radiation). Multiple options exist for use as alternatives or adjuncts to buccal mucosa in complex urethral strictures (injectable antifibrotic agents, augmentation urethroplasty with skin flaps, lingual mucosa, colonic mucosa, and new developments in tissue engineering for urethral graft material). In the present case, our patient had two strictures and we chose to correct the first stricture with a dorsal graft and the bulbar stricture with a ventral graft because of our personal expertise. We can conclude that the double buccal mucosa graft is easier to perform and can be an option to repair multiple urethral strictures.

Case for diagnosis. Atypical genital lesion

Abstract: We present a case of a penile lesion with a clinical appearance similar to Mondor penile disease (thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis) or penile sclerosing lymphangitis. Laboratory evaluation, however, showed a solid lesion, with no vascular component to Doppler ultrasonography and no treponema to immunohistochemistry. Histological and serological tests were compatible with secondary syphilis. The authors reinforce the need for the inclusion of syphilis in the differential diagnosis of penile cord injuries.